He came to the conclusion that the content of the act could not say whether he was criminal or not.

He came to the conclusion that the content of the act could not say whether he was criminal or not.

Not the last place in the structure of functions of social conflicts is occupied by their stabilizing contribution. Social conflict also performs the functions of cognition and learning by each other.

Thus, social personal narrative ideas college conflict, including in the field of industrial relations, causes both conservative and progressive, both beneficial and harmful changes. But being by its nature a complex and heterogeneous process, it cannot be one-sided: only negative or positive. All the transformations he makes within the "place" where he is born, or outside it, take place simultaneously and in inseparable connection with each other.

Analysis and resolution of labor conflicts

Resolution is the final stage of the conflict process. It is carried out through a change in the objective situation, or at the cost of psychological adjustment of the subjective image of the situation, which has developed in the warring parties. In both cases, there is a twofold solution to the social conflict – complete and partial.

Complete resolution means stopping the conflict at the level of external and intrapersonal confrontation, when the image of the "image of the enemy" is transformed into the image of the "partner" and the attitude to struggle is changed by the focus on cooperation. With a partial solution, only overt conflict behavior disappears, but the inner urge to continue the antagonism, which is restrained by will, reasonable arguments, or fear of third-party sanctions, remains.

In relation to the conflict, you can take one of three positions: ignorance, forceful decision (or pressure), productive compromise. Only the last two focus on developing alternative conflict resolution strategies. Ignoring indicates the absence of one of the parties, most often the authorities, a well-thought-out strategy of behavior, which exacerbates the spontaneity of the conflict, its exacerbation and escalation. It is a question of expansion of a zone at which local collisions of workers with the management in primary collective result in mass conflict of collective of the enterprise with management, further – enterprises in the city, etc.

Modern conflictology has accumulated a large arsenal of methods for resolving social conflicts in the production environment. These include compromise, negotiation, direct dialogue, use of force (power, law, tradition).

Compromise is a way to solve a problem where opponents pursue their interests through mutual concessions: either a concession to the weaker party, or one that has managed to prove the validity of their claims to those who have voluntarily waived some of their claims. This is rare, so most often a compromise is the result of difficult and lengthy negotiations.

The use of force occurs whenever the parties are confident in their abilities, ie that they are able to impose their decision on the opponent. Therefore, the duration of the conflict is determined by the period of resistance to the weaker party (there is no need for mutual understanding, common language, mediator).

Another way to resolve conflicts, where the forces of the opponents are clearly unequal or the position of one of the parties looks more convincing, is retreat. Sometimes it is more useful to retreat at a certain cost than to lose everything by showing intransigence. The ability to give in in time is a sign of a high culture of conflict behavior, which so far has neither employees (workers) nor the administration.

Negotiation is a specific type of regulation of institutionalized conflict. In the narrow sense of the word, it is a mechanism for regulating relations between social actors, based on the fact that at the same time there is interdependence and divergence of interests.

Conditions conducive to negotiations include the following:

participation of parties with different value systems and striving for opposing or sharply different goals; the parties are included in a specific area of ​​activity, where they have an area of ​​common interest; the attitude of the parties to the subject of negotiations is different, so there is a serious difference in approaches to resolving the conflict close to their opposite; the parties have a strong desire to reach a mutually acceptable agreement; they are aware of the need to take into account each other’s interests and positions; the parties assess the situation differently, the desired outcome of the negotiations, the balance of power and the enemy.

Therefore, only properly negotiated social conflict can be resolved.

literature

1. Afonin AS Fundamentals of work motivation: organizational and economic aspects. – K., 1994.

2. Giddens E. Sociology. – K., 1999.

3. Dvoretskaya GV, Makhnarylov VP Sociology of labor. – K., 1990.

4. Dikareva AN, Mirskaya MI Sociology of labor. – M., 1989.

5. Lukashevich MP, Tulenkov MV Social and sectoral sociological theories. – K., 1999.

6. Lukashevich NM, Singaevskaya IV, Bondarchuk EI Psychology of labor. – K., 1997.

7. Markovich D. Sociology of labor. – M., 1988.

8. Podmarkov VG Introduction to industrial sociology. – M., 1979.

9. Podmarkov VG Man in the labor collective: Problems of sociology of labor. – M., 1982.

10. Prigogine AI Sociology of organizations. – M., 1980.

11. Sociology of labor. – M., 1993.

12. Sociology. – K., 1999.

13. Frolov SS Fundamentals of sociology. – M., 1997.

14. Stolberg R. Sociology of labor. – M., 1982.

04/24/2012

Sociology of "deviant behavior": the main manifestations of deviant behavior

The main negative forms of deviation include: crime, alcoholism, prostitution, drug addiction

Criminality. At one time, P. Sorokin made a very interesting analysis of attempts by lawyers to define what a "crime" is. He came to the conclusion that the content of the act could not say whether he was criminal or not. Even seemingly obvious acts such as murder, rape, infanticide, and paternity were not considered crimes in many nations. Theft was often seen as a charity.

Does not solve the problem and "danger" of actions for society. Very often it was considered a crime that did no harm to society. In some nations, it was considered a crime for someone to step on another person’s shadow. In India, the purchase of milk by a Brahmin (a member of the upper caste) was considered a crime, for which he was transferred to the lower caste. At the same time, killing a person by the same Brahmin could go unpunished.

P. Sorokin defines criminal or prohibited acts as those that contradict the "permissible-proper" pattern of behavior. The legal criterion for classifying acts as a crime is the existence of a relevant article in the criminal law that recognizes this act as criminal.

Sociological research of crime and its causes began in the early XIX century. n statistician KF Terman. The Belgian mathematician and astronomer LL Ketple paid great attention to this problem. He concluded that in any society there is a certain number of crimes that are caused by his organization.

Later, scientists began to study the impact of various factors on crime: social status, occupation, education, income, and so on. Still a debatable problem is the relationship between biological and social in the formation of criminal behavior.

Under socialism, there was a view that crime lost its social roots and persisted only as a relic of the past. Statistics gave figures that were very different from those of the capitalist countries (for example, in socialist Germany, crime was 4 times lower than in Germany). It is difficult to say to what extent this was true, because we usually had postscripts (in this case, "additions"). According to some research institutions of the former Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR, we actually recorded only a few percent of crimes (for example, countless thefts committed by "nesuns" remained "behind the scenes").

However, it should be noted that in democratic societies, where everything seems to become the property of the public, in this area much remains out of the public eye. For example, in the United States, a survey of society by the Presidential Law Enforcement Commission found that among the population of those; victims of crime, 2 times more than reported by the Federal Bureau of Investigation.

Now in our country crime in terms of quality is approaching global trends, but its growth rate is higher. "Wild market" primary accumulation of capital generates mass crime. Organized crime groups are entering the world arena: drug trafficking, racketeering, etc. There arose and began to grow rapidly such an ugly and. a dangerous phenomenon for society, such as the mafia, which until recently seemed more a fiction of filmmakers than a fact of real life.

Unfortunately, the socio-economic situation in Ukraine confirms the social conditionality of crime. The criminal base is spreading rapidly due to lumpenized groups of the population – the unemployed, the homeless, the poor. Even in the countryside, theft has become a mass phenomenon. It can be said a priori that such "thieves" are driven to these actions by hunger and hardship. At the same time, crime has spread "above" society: there is a "shadow" economy, official crimes, bribery, etc. are flourishing.

This type of crime, which was "foreign" exotic, spread – contract killings, political assassinations.

The dynamics of crime growth in Ukraine is as follows:

in 1985 – 249.6 thousand registered crimes, in 1990 – 369.8 thousand, in 1995 – 641.9 thousand, in 1998 – 576 thousand.

The peak falls on 1995, now there is a tendency to reduce crime. The vast majority of crimes are the theft of state property or property of citizens (about 60 percent).

Crime among young people is growing especially fast. The share of young people (under the age of 30) in Ukraine is constantly more than 50 percent of all convicts. About 8 percent are minors between the ages of 14 and 17. Almost every second juvenile crime is serious. More than half of young criminals did not work or study at the time of the crime. (See: Stat. Yearbook of Ukraine. 1998. – K., 1999, p. 486). Their deviant behavior is not subject to a number of patterns of "adult" deviants. Thus, criminology explains the violation by criminals of generally accepted norms of behavior by the presence of a specific system of values.

As for young men, in principle they do not reject these norms, but even acknowledging an illegal fact committed by them, they do not admit their personal guilt.